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The Mechanical Universe

Season 1

The Mechanical Universe... And Beyond, is a 52-part telecourse filmed at the California Institute of Technology, and produced by Caltech and INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications. The series introduces university level physics, covering topics from Copernicus to quantum mechanics.

Produced starting in 1985, the videos make heavy use of historical dramatizations and visual aids to explain physics concepts. The latter were state of the art at the time, incorporating almost 8 hours of computer animation created by computer graphics pioneer Jim Blinn. Each episode opens and closes with a "phantom" lecture by Caltech professor David Goodstein. After more than a quarter century, the series is still often used as a supplemental teaching aid, for its clear explanation of fundamental concepts such as special relativity.

The Mechanical Universe lectures are actual freshman physics lectures from Physics 1a and 1b courses at the California Institute of Technology. The room seen in the videos is the Bridge lecture hall.

The series can be purchased, or viewed by streaming from the Annenberg website, or can be viewed on other video streaming sites such as YouTube and Google Video.

Where to Watch Season 1

52 Episodes

  • Introduction
    E1
    IntroductionThis preview introduces revolutionary ideas and heroes from Copernicus to Newton, and links the physics of the heavens and the earth.
  • The Law of Falling Bodies
    E2
    The Law of Falling BodiesGalileo's imaginative experiments proved that all bodies fall with the same constant acceleration.
  • Derivatives
    E3
    DerivativesThe function of mathematics in physical science and the derivative as a practical tool.
  • Inertia
    E4
    InertiaGalileo risks his favored status to answer the questions of the universe with his law of inertia.
  • Vectors
    E5
    VectorsPhysics must explain not only why and how much, but also where and which way.
  • Newton's Laws
    E6
    Newton's LawsNewton lays down the laws of force, mass, and acceleration.
  • Integration
    E7
    IntegrationNewton and Leibniz arrive at the conclusion that differentiation and integration are inverse processes.
  • The Apple and the Moon
    E8
    The Apple and the MoonThe first real steps toward space travel are made as Newton discovers that gravity describes the force between any two particles in the universe.
  • Moving in Circles
    E9
    Moving in CirclesA look at the Platonic theory of uniform circular motion.
  • Fundamental Forces
    E10
    Fundamental ForcesAll physical phenomena of nature are explained by four forces: two nuclear forces, gravity, and electricity.
  • Gravity, Electricity, Magnetism
    E11
    Gravity, Electricity, MagnetismShedding light on the mathematical form of the gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces.
  • The Millikan Experiment
    E12
    The Millikan ExperimentA dramatic recreation of Millikan's classic oil-drop experiment to determine the charge of a single electron.
  • Conservation of Energy
    E13
    Conservation of EnergyAccording to one of the major laws of physics, energy is neither created nor destroyed.
  • Potential Energy
    E14
    Potential EnergyPotential energy provides a powerful model for understanding why the world has worked the same way since the beginning of time.
  • Conservation of Momentum
    E15
    Conservation of MomentumWhat keeps the universe ticking away until the end of time?
  • Harmonic Motion
    E16
    Harmonic MotionThe music and mathematics of periodic motion.
  • Resonance
    E17
    ResonanceWhy a swaying bridge collapses with a high wind, and why a wine glass shatters with a higher octave.
  • Waves
    E18
    WavesWith an analysis of simple harmonic motion and a stroke of genius, Newton extended mechanics to the propagation of sound.
  • Angular Momentum
    E19
    Angular MomentumAn old momentum with a new twist.
  • Torques and Gyroscopes
    E20
    Torques and GyroscopesFrom spinning tops to the precession of the equinoxes.
  • Kepler's Three Laws
    E21
    Kepler's Three LawsThe discovery of elliptical orbits helps describe the motion of heavenly bodies with unprecedented accuracy.
  • The Kepler Problem
    E22
    The Kepler ProblemThe deduction of Kepler's laws from Newton's universal law of gravitation is one of the crowning achievements of Western thought.
  • Energy and Eccentricity
    E23
    Energy and EccentricityThe precise orbit of a heavenly body — a planet, asteroid, or comet — is fixed by the laws of conservation of energy and angular momentum.
  • Navigating in Space
    E24
    Navigating in SpaceVoyages to other planets use the same laws that guide planets around the solar system.
  • Kepler to Einstein
    E25
    Kepler to EinsteinFrom Kepler's laws and the theory of tides, to Einstein's general theory of relativity, into black holes, and beyond.
  • Harmony of the Spheres
    E26
    Harmony of the SpheresA last lingering look back at mechanics to see new connections between old discoveries.
  • Beyond the Mechanical Universe
    E27
    Beyond the Mechanical UniverseThe world of electricity and magnetism, and 20th-century discoveries of relativity and quantum mechanics.
  • Static Electricity
    E28
    Static ElectricityEighteenth-century electricians knew how to spark the interest of an audience with the principles of static electricity.
  • The Electric Field
    E29
    The Electric FieldFaraday's vision of lines of constant force in space laid the foundation for the modern force field theory.
  • Potential and Capacitance
    E30
    Potential and CapacitanceFranklin proposes a successful theory of the Leyden jar and invents the parallel plate capacitor.
  • Voltage, Energy, and Force
    E31
    Voltage, Energy, and ForceWhen is electricity dangerous or benign, spectacular or useful?
  • The Electric Battery
    E32
    The Electric BatteryVolta invents the electric battery using the internal properties of different metals.
  • Electric Circuits
    E33
    Electric CircuitsThe work of Wheatstone, Ohm, and Kirchhoff leads to the design and analysis of how current flows.
  • Magnetism
    E34
    MagnetismGilbert discovered that the earth behaves like a giant magnet. Modern scientists have learned even more.
  • The Magnetic Field
    E35
    The Magnetic FieldThe law of Biot and Sarvart, the force between electric currents, and Ampère's law.
  • Vector Fields and Hydrodynamics
    E36
    Vector Fields and HydrodynamicsForce fields have definite properties of their own suitable for scientific study.
  • Electromagnetic Induction
    E37
    Electromagnetic InductionThe discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831 creates an important technological breakthrough in the generation of electric power.
  • Alternating Current
    E38
    Alternating CurrentElectromagnetic induction makes it easy to generate alternating current while transformers make it practical to distribute it over long distances.
  • Maxwell's Equations
    E39
    Maxwell's EquationsMaxwell discovers that displacement current produces electromagnetic waves or light.
  • Optics
    E40
    OpticsMany properties of light are properties of waves, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
  • The Michelson-Morley Experiment
    E41
    The Michelson-Morley ExperimentIn 1887, an exquisitely designed measurement of the earth's motion through the ether results in the most brilliant failure in scientific history.
  • The Lorentz Transformation
    E42
    The Lorentz TransformationIf the speed of light is to be the same for all observers, then the length of a meter stick, or the rate of a ticking clock, depends on who measures it.
  • Velocity and Time
    E43
    Velocity and TimeEinstein is motivated to perfect the central ideas of physics, resulting in a new understanding of the meaning of space and time.
  • Mass, Momentum, Energy
    E44
    Mass, Momentum, EnergyThe new meaning of space and time make it necessary to formulate a new mechanics.
  • Temperature and Gas Laws
    E45
    Temperature and Gas LawsHot discoveries about the behavior of gases make the connection between temperature and heat.
  • Engine of Nature
    E46
    Engine of NatureThe Carnot engine, part one, beginning with simple steam engines.
  • Entropy
    E47
    EntropyThe Carnot engine, part two, with profound implications for the behavior of matter and the flow of time through the universe.
  • Low Temperatures
    E48
    Low TemperaturesWith the quest for low temperatures came the discovery that all elements can exist in each of the basic states of matter.
  • The Atom
    E49
    The AtomA history of the atom, from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century, and a new challenge for the world of physics.
  • Particles and Waves
    E50
    Particles and WavesEvidence that light can sometimes act like a particle leads to quantum mechanics, the new physics.
  • From Atoms to Quarks
    E51
    From Atoms to QuarksElectron waves attracted to the nucleus of an atom help account for the periodic table of the elements and ultimately lead to the search for quarks.
  • The Quantum Mechanical Universe
    E52
    The Quantum Mechanical UniverseA last look at where we've been and a peek into the future.

 

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