Eons
Season 2020
TV-Y7
Join hosts Hank Green, Kallie Moore, and Blake de Pastino as they take you on a journey through the history of life on Earth. From the dawn of life in the Archaean Eon through the Mesozoic Era — the so-called “Age of Dinosaurs” -- right up to the end of the most recent Ice Age. The evolutionary history of mammals including humans and other modern species is explored with these amazing paleontology experts.
Where to Watch Season 2020
39 Episodes
- That Time the Mediterranean Sea DisappearedE1
Episode 1That Time the Mediterranean Sea DisappearedHow could a body of water as big as the Mediterranean just...disappear? It would take decades and more than 1,000 research studies to even start to figure out the cause -- or causes -- of one of the greatest vanishing acts in Earth’s history. - The Neanderthals That Taught Us About HumanityE2
Episode 2The Neanderthals That Taught Us About HumanityThroughout the first half of the 20th century, Neandertals were thought to have been…primitive. Unintelligent, hunched-over cavemen, for lack of a better word. But the discoveries made in that Iraqi cave provided some of the earliest clues that Neanderthals actually behaved -- and likely thought and felt -- a lot like we do. - The Giant Dinosaur That Was Missing a BodyE3
Episode 3The Giant Dinosaur That Was Missing a BodyFrom end to end, its forelimbs alone measured an incredible 2.4 meters long and were tipped with big, comma-shaped claws. But other than its bizarre arms, very little material from this dinosaur had been found: no skull, no feet, almost nothing that could give experts a fuller picture of what this dinosaur actually was. - How South America Made the MarsupialsE4
Episode 4How South America Made the MarsupialsThroughout the Cenozoic Era -- the era we’re in now -- marsupials and their metatherian relatives flourished all over South America, filling all kinds of ecological niches and radiating into forms that still thrive on other continents. - When the Rainforests CollapsedE6
Episode 6When the Rainforests CollapsedThe Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse set the stage for a takeover that would be a crucial turning point in the history of terrestrial animal life. If it weren’t for that time when the rainforests collapsed - in an extinction event that you probably haven’t heard of - our ancestors might never have made it out of the swamps. - How a Hot Planet Created the World's Biggest SnakeE7
Episode 7How a Hot Planet Created the World's Biggest SnakeAbout 59 million years ago, the largest animal lurking in the ancient forests of Colombia by far was Titanoboa - the largest snake ever known. It’s only been in the past few years that we’ve put together the many pieces of this puzzling creature, but it turns out that the greatest snake that the world ever saw was made possible by a warming planet. - When the Sahara Was GreenE8
Episode 8When the Sahara Was GreenThe climate of the Sahara was completely different thousands of years ago. And we’re not talking about just a few years of extra rain. We’re talking about a climate that was so wet for so long that animals and humans alike made themselves at home in the middle of the Sahara. - When Penguins Went From The Sky To The SeaE9
Episode 9When Penguins Went From The Sky To The SeaToday, we think of penguins as small-ish, waddling, tuxedo-birds. But they evolved from a flying ancestor, were actual giants for millions of years, and some of them were even dressed a little more casually. - How Dogs (Eventually) Became Our Best FriendsE11
Episode 11How Dogs (Eventually) Became Our Best FriendsWe’re still figuring out the details, but most scientists agree that it took thousands of years of interactions to develop our deep bond with dogs. When did they first become domesticated? Where did this happen? And what did the process look like, in terms of genetics and anatomy? - When a Billion Years DisappearedE12
Episode 12When a Billion Years DisappearedIn some places, the rocks below the Great Unconformity are about 1.2 billion years older than those above it. This missing chapter in Earth’s history might be linked to a fracturing supercontinent, out-of-control glaciers, and maybe the diversification of life itself. - The Risky Paleo Diets of Our AncestorsE13
Episode 13The Risky Paleo Diets of Our AncestorsWe can track our history of eating just about anything back through the fossil record and see the impact it’s had on our evolution. Throughout time, part of the secret to our success as a species has been our early - and sometimes fatal - experimentation with food. - How the Andes Mountains Might Have Killed a Bunch of WhalesE14
Episode 14How the Andes Mountains Might Have Killed a Bunch of WhalesAt a site known as Cerro Ballena or Whale Hill, there are more than 40 skeletons of marine mammals -- a graveyard of ocean life dating back 6.5 million to 9 million years ago, in the Late Miocene Epoch. But the identity of the killer that they finally settled on might surprise you. - How Plants Caused the First Mass ExtinctionE15
Episode 15How Plants Caused the First Mass ExtinctionIn the middle of the Cambrian, life on land was about to get a little more crowded. And those newcomers would end up changing the world. The arrival of plants on land would make the world colder, drain much of the oxygen out of the oceans and eventually, it would help cause a massive extinction event. - The Two Viruses That We’ve Had For Millions of YearsE16
Episode 16The Two Viruses That We’ve Had For Millions of YearsThere’s one kind of herpesvirus that’s specific to one species of primate, and each virus split off from the herpesvirus family tree when the primate split off from its own tree. But of course, humans are a special kind of primate. - How We Identified One of Earth’s Earliest AnimalsE17
Episode 17How We Identified One of Earth’s Earliest AnimalsScientists had no idea what type of organisms the life forms of the Ediacaran were—lichen, colonies of bacteria, fungi or something else. It turns out, the key to solving the puzzle of Precambrian life was a tiny bit of fossilized fat. - When Dinosaur Look-Alikes Ruled the EarthE18
Episode 18When Dinosaur Look-Alikes Ruled the EarthThere were a huge number of croc-like animals that flourished during the Triassic Period. Dinosaurs had just arrived on the scene but it was these animals that truly ruled the Earth, becoming both abundant and diverse. - The World Before Plate TectonicsE19
Episode 19The World Before Plate TectonicsThere was a time in Earth’s history that was so stable, geologists once called it the Boring Billion. But the fact is, this period was anything but boring. In fact, it set the stage for our modern version of plate tectonics - and probably for the rise of life as we know it. - When Dinosaurs Chilled in the ArcticE20
Episode 20When Dinosaurs Chilled in the ArcticAll told, the Arctic in the Cretaceous Period was a rough place to live, especially in winter. And yet, the fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs have been discovered there. So how were they able to survive in this harsh environment? - How the Walrus Got Its TusksE21
Episode 21How the Walrus Got Its TusksThe rise and fall of ancient walruses, and how modern ones got their tusks, is a story that spans almost 20 million years. And while there are parts of the story that we’re still trying to figure out, it looks like tusks didn’t have anything to do with how or what these animals ate. - The Story of the Dino StampedeE22
Episode 22The Story of the Dino StampedeTo try to solve the puzzle of Lark Quarry, experts have turned to a special subfield of paleontology -- paleoichnology, or the study of trace fossils -- to reconstruct exactly what happened on that spot, on that day, nearly 100,000 millennia ago. - The Dinosaur Who Was Buried at SeaE24
Episode 24The Dinosaur Who Was Buried at SeaPaleontologists have been studying these dinosaurs since the 1830s, but nobody had ever found a specimen like Borealopelta before. The key to all of this exceptional preservation was where ended up after it died and how it got there. - How We Figured Out FermentationE25
Episode 25How We Figured Out FermentationThanks to a recent adaptation, instead of getting sick from the boozy, fermented fruits, one of our primate ancestors could digest them safely, and get more calories at the same time. This new superpower would open up a whole new nutritional landscape for us: fermented foods. - The Oddest Couple in the Fossil RecordE26
Episode 26The Oddest Couple in the Fossil RecordTo figure out how Thrinaxodon and Broomistega became entombed together, scientists looked at the burrow itself, along with their fossilized bones. And it looks like their luck ran out, when a behavior that usually would’ve helped them survive just didn’t work. - How Ancient Art Captured Australian MegafaunaE27
Episode 27How Ancient Art Captured Australian MegafaunaBeneath layers of rock art are drawings of animals SO strange that, for a long time, some anthropologists thought they could only have been imagined. But what if these animals really had existed, after all? - When Rodents Had HornsE29
Episode 29When Rodents Had HornsThese odd rodents belong to a genus known as Ceratogaulus, but they’re more commonly called horned gophers, because, you guessed it, they had horns. And it turns out the horns probably had a purpose - one that rodents would likely benefit from today. - Why Do Things Keep Evolving Into Crabs?E33
Episode 33Why Do Things Keep Evolving Into Crabs?For some reason, animals keep evolving into things that look like crabs, independently, over and over again. What is it about the crab’s form that makes it so evolutionarily successful that non-crabs are apparently jealous of it? - How Plankton Created A Bizarre Giant of the SeasE34
Episode 34How Plankton Created A Bizarre Giant of the SeasAt more than 2 meters long, Aegirocassis was not only the biggest radiodont ever, but it also may have been the biggest animal in the Early Ordovician. This bizarre marine giant may have only been possible, thanks to a major revolution among some of the tiniest organisms in the world. - The Rise and Fall of the Tallest Mammal to Walk the EarthE35
Episode 35The Rise and Fall of the Tallest Mammal to Walk the EarthIt arose from rhino ancestors that were a lot smaller, but Paraceratherium would take a different evolutionary path. Believe it or not, it actually became so big that it probably got close to what scientists think might be the actual upper limit for a land mammal. - How Humans Lost Their FurE36
Episode 36How Humans Lost Their FurWe’re the only primate without a coat of thick fur. It turns out that this small change in our appearance has had huge consequences for our ability to regulate our body temperature, and ultimately, it helped shape the evolution of our entire lineage. - When the Earth Suddenly Stopped WarmingE38
Episode 38When the Earth Suddenly Stopped WarmingFor decades, scientists have been studying the cause of the Younger Dryas, and trying to figure out if something like it could happen again. And it turns out that what caused this event is the subject of a heated debate. - The Triassic Reptile With "Two Faces"E39
Episode 39The Triassic Reptile With "Two Faces"Figuring out what this creature’s face actually looked like would take paleontologists years. But understanding this weird animal can help us shine a light on at least one way for ecosystems to bounce back from even the worst mass extinction.
