Rudolf Hess
演员
1894年4月25日 — 1987年8月17日 (93 years)
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, Hess held that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. He was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace. He was still serving his life sentence at the time of his suicide in 1987.
Hess enlisted as an infantryman in the Imperial German Army at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times during the war and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class, in 1915. Shortly before the war ended, Hess enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in that role. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. In 1919, Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum ("living space"), which became one of the pillars of Nazi ideology. Hess joined the Nazi Party on 1 July 1920 and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Bavaria. While serving a prison sentence for this attempted coup, he assisted Hitler with Mein Kampf, which became a foundation of the political platform of the Nazi Party.
After Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy Führer of the Nazi Party in April. He was elected to the Reichstag in the March elections, was made a Reichsleiter of the Nazi Party in June and in December 1933 he became Minister without Portfolio in Hitler's cabinet. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in August 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defence of the Reich. Hitler decreed on the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939 that Hermann Göring was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line. In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the government's legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped the Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead-up to the Holocaust.
On 10 May 1941, Hess made a solo flight to Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with the Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed to be a prominent opponent of the British government's war policy. The British authorities arrested Hess immediately on his arrival and held him in custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial at the 1946 Nuremberg trials of major war criminals. During much of his trial, Hess claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but he later admitted to the court that this had been a ruse. The court convicted him of crimes against peace and of conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes. He served a life sentence in Spandau Prison; the Soviet Union blocked repeated attempts by family members and prominent politicians to win his early release. While still in custody as the only prisoner in Spandau, he hanged himself in 1987 at the age of 93. After his death, the prison was demolished to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine.
Hess enlisted as an infantryman in the Imperial German Army at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times during the war and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class, in 1915. Shortly before the war ended, Hess enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in that role. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. In 1919, Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum ("living space"), which became one of the pillars of Nazi ideology. Hess joined the Nazi Party on 1 July 1920 and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Bavaria. While serving a prison sentence for this attempted coup, he assisted Hitler with Mein Kampf, which became a foundation of the political platform of the Nazi Party.
After Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy Führer of the Nazi Party in April. He was elected to the Reichstag in the March elections, was made a Reichsleiter of the Nazi Party in June and in December 1933 he became Minister without Portfolio in Hitler's cabinet. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in August 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defence of the Reich. Hitler decreed on the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939 that Hermann Göring was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line. In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the government's legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped the Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead-up to the Holocaust.
On 10 May 1941, Hess made a solo flight to Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with the Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed to be a prominent opponent of the British government's war policy. The British authorities arrested Hess immediately on his arrival and held him in custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial at the 1946 Nuremberg trials of major war criminals. During much of his trial, Hess claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but he later admitted to the court that this had been a ruse. The court convicted him of crimes against peace and of conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes. He served a life sentence in Spandau Prison; the Soviet Union blocked repeated attempts by family members and prominent politicians to win his early release. While still in custody as the only prisoner in Spandau, he hanged himself in 1987 at the age of 93. After his death, the prison was demolished to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine.
影視作品
| 2024 | Riefenstahl · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2024 | La Shoah des ghettos · as Self |
| 2023 | Hitler's Coup 1923 · as Self - Leading Member Of The Nazi Party |
| 2023 | Les tribunaux d'Hitler · as Self |
| 2023 | Hitler: The Making of a Monster · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2022 | The March on Rome · as Self - Politician (archive Footage) |
| 2022 | Trenches · as Self |
| 2022 | Aracy: Der Engel von Hamburg · as Self |
| 2021 | |
| 2021 | Blood Money: Inside The Nazi Economy · as Self |
| 2021 | Filmmakers for the Prosecution · as Self - Politician (archive Footage) |
| 2020 | La nuit des longs couteaux · as Self |
| 2019 | |
| 2019 | Le pacte Hitler-Staline · as Self |
| 2018 | Kulenkampffs Schuhe · as Self |
| 2017 | Europa: The Last Battle · as Self |
| 2014 | The Aryans · as Self |
| 2011 | Apocalypse: The Rise of Hitler · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2011 | |
| 2009 | Loose Change 9/11: An American Coup · as Self - At Nuremberg Trial |
| 2009 | Hitler & Stalin - Portrait of Hostility · as Self |
| 2008 | Hitler's Bodyguard · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2007 | |
| 2007 | True Bond · as Self - Nazi Propaganda Films |
| 2006 | Nuremberg: The Nazis Facing Their Crimes · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2005 | The Goebbels Experiment · as Self |
| 2005 | Heroes and Gay Nazis · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2004 | The Hidden Führer: Debating the Enigma of Hitler's Sexuality · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 2004 | Geheimakte Heß · as Self |
| 2002 | Hitler in His Own Words · as Self - Deputy Führer Of The Nazi Party |
| 2002 | |
| 2000 | Nuremberg · as Self (archive Footage) (uncredited) |
| 1999 | Sunshine · as Self - Beside Hitler (archive Footage) (uncredited) |
| 1999 | The Century: America's Time · as Self - At The Nuremberg Trials |
| 1998 | Nazis: The Occult Conspiracy · as Self |
| 1998 | The Third Reich, in Color · as Self |
| 1998 | Untold Stories of World War II · as Self - On Balcony With Hitler |
| 1997 | Frank Capra's American Dream · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 1996 | Der Nürnberger Prozess · as Self |
| 1995 | Hitler: A Profile · as Self |
| 1995 | Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial · as Self |
| 1995 | Blood & Iron: The Story of the German War Machine · as Self (applauds Todt) |
| 1995 | Anne Frank Remembered · as Self |
| 1995 | The Last Days of World War II · as Self |
| 1994 | In Search of Dr. Seuss · as Self - With Hitler In Nuremberg |
| 1993 | The Century of Warfare · as Self |
| 1993 | |
| 1993 | Degenerate Art · as Self |
| 1991 | Hitler's War 1940-43 · as Self |
| 1991 | Blood in the Face · as Self (archive Footage) (uncredited) |
| 1990 | You Can't Live Like That · as Self - Nuremberg Trial |
| 1989 | The Fatal Attraction of Adolf Hitler · as Self |
| 1988 | The Jeweller's Shop · as Self - On Balcony With Hitler |
| 1985 | Wild Geese II · as Self |
| 1983 | Zelig · as Self |
| 1983 | Hugh MacLennan: Portrait of a Writer · as Self - With Hitler At Hj Rally |
| 1982 | Genocide · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 1982 | War · as Self |
| 1981 | |
| 1979 | Has Anybody Here Seen Canada? A History of Canadian Movies 1939-1953 · as Self - With Goebbels, From T.d.w. |
| 1979 | Geheime Reichssache · as Self |
| 1978 | Loggerheads · as Self |
| 1977 | Hitler: A Career · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 1970 | The Garden of the Finzi-Continis · as Self - Hitler Is Germany Speech |
| 1966 | Cast a Giant Shadow · as Self At Nuremberg |
| 1965 | Triumph Over Violence · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 1964 | The Other World of Winston Churchill · as Self - On Balcony With Hitler |
| 1964 | The Finest Hours · as Self - Deputy Führer Of The Nazi Party |
| 1962 | The Clouded Dawn · as Self - Nuremberg Trial: Row 1, Seat 2, Innocent Plea |
| 1962 | Dusk · as Self |
| 1962 | Secrets of the Nazi Criminals · as Self (archive Footage) (uncredited) |
| 1959 | Verboten! · as Self |
| 1954 | Victory at Sea · as Self |
| 1953 | Bis fünf nach zwölf - Adolf Hitler und das 3. Reich · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 1951 | Näin syntyi nykypäivä... 1900-1950 · as Self |
| 1949 | Gone with History · as Self |
| 1949 | Distant Journey · as Self - Politician (archive Footage) |
| 1949 | Crusade in Europe · as Self (archive Footage) |
| 1948 | Nuremberg · as Self |
| 1948 | Rogues' Regiment · as Self |
| 1946 | Nuremberg Trials · as Self |
| 1945 | War Comes to America · as Self在 Plex |
| 1944 | Know Your Ally: Britain · as Self |
| 1943 | Divide and Conquer · as Self - Hitler Is Germany Speech在 Plex |
| 1943 | The Nazis Strike · as Self在 Plex |
| 1942 | Why We Fight · as Self在 Plex |
| 1940 | Der Marsch zum Führer · as Self |
| 1940 | The German Weekly Review · as Self |
| 1938 | Olympia Part One: Festival of the Nations · as Self - Stands With Hitler (uncredited) |
| 1935 | Day of Freedom: Our Armed Forces · as Self |
| 1935 | Triumph of the Will · as Self |
| 1933 | Victory of the Faith · as Self |
| 2019 | |
| 1973 | Hitler: The Last Ten Days · as Rudolf Hess (archive Footage) (uncredited) |
| 1945 | The Nazi Plan · as Deputy Führer 1933-41 |
| 2003 | The First World War · as Excerpt |